Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Lubbock Strains Isolated from Liver Abscesses of Feedlot Cattle

The genome sequencing of 13 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Lubbock strains isolated from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle is reported here. The availability of these genomes will help to further understand the etiologic role of Salmonella strains in liver abscesses of cattle and will serve as references in microbial trace-back studies to improve food safety.

feeding them a high-grain diet (1). Cattle with severely abscessed livers have lower feed intake, reduced weight gain, and a decreased gain-to-feed ratio (2). The primary causative agent of liver abscess is Fusobacterium necrophorum (3). The ruminal acidosis resulting from the highly fermentable starch contained in the grains, and subsequent rumenitis, facilitate the migration of F. necrophorum from the rumen to the liver via portal circulation (1). Recently, for the first time, we reported the occurrence, along with F. necrophorum, of a novel Salmonella serotype, designated 6,7:g,m,s:e,n,z15, now named Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Lubbock (4), in liver abscesses of cattle (5). The newly reported serotype S. Lubbock is closely related to S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka and has been isolated from subiliac lymph nodes of healthy cattle (4). It is not known whether S. Lubbock is a causative agent of liver abscesses or is a secondary invader, via or lymph or blood, of an abscess initiated by F. necrophorum. In a recent study, we observed that Salmonella was prevalent in 20 to 25% of the abscesses cultured, and S. Lubbock was the predominant sero-type. Here, we report the availability of draft genomes of 13 S. Lubbock strains isolated from liver abscesses.
S. Lubbock strains were isolated from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle, as per a previously described protocol (5). The serotypes of the isolates were determined at the National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. Strains were grown in brain heart infusion broth for 12 h at 37°C. DNA from each strain was isolated from 1.0-ml cultures using the E.Z.N.A. bacterial DNA kit (Omega Bio-tek, Norcross, GA). According to the manufacturer's protocol, sequencing libraries were prepared using 1.0 ng of genomic DNA using the Nextera XT kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). We used V2 paired-end chemistry (2 ϫ 250 bp) to sequence the genomes on an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes version 3.5.0 (6), available at http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades. Genome annotation was performed using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP) (7).
The genome characteristics of the 13 S. Lubbock strains are summarized in Table 1. The serotypes of the 13 strains were confirmed using SeqSero (8). Genome size and GϩC content  (Table 1), and were similar to those of previously published S. enterica genomes. The availability of the genomes of 13 S. Lubbock strains is the first report of this serotype isolated from liver abscesses of cattle. The availability of these genomes will help to further understand the etiologic role of Salmonella strains in liver abscesses in cattle and will serve as references in microbial trace-back studies to improve food safety.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. The sequences have been deposited as whole-genome shotgun projects at GenBank under the accession numbers listed in Table 1.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported in part by grants from SD BIC and FDA CFSAN awarded to J.S. and Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN to T.G.N.
We acknowledge use of the High-Performance Computing (HPC) cluster managed by the University Networking and Research (UNRC) group at South Dakota State University.
The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

FUNDING INFORMATION
This work, including the efforts of Joy Scaria, was funded by South Dakota Beef Industry Council. This work, including the efforts of Joy Scaria, was funded by FDA CFSAN. This work, including the efforts of T. G. Nagaraja, was funded by Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN.