Draft Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5-2-1, Isolated from Proglacial Lake Podprudnoye in the Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica

Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5-2-1, isolated from the Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica, produces a purple-violet pigment, manifests diverse energy metabolism abilities, and tolerates cold, ultraviolet radiation, and other environmental stressors. We report here the 6.19-Mb draft genome of strain Ant5-2-1, which will help understand its survival mechanisms in extreme Antarctic ecosystems.

frozen Proglacial Lake Podprudnoye in the Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica, is a psychrotolerant Gram-negative bacillus that thrives in extreme cold, dry, and high solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation environments (1). Previously, it has been reported that a violacein-like purple-violet pigment (PVP) produced by Ant5-2 absorbs UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation and manifests strong antimicrobial and anticancer activity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). We describe here a draft genome of Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5-2-1 to investigate the key metabolic, stress-responsive, and pigment-producing genes necessary for their survival and sustenance in extreme Antarctic conditions.
Purified genomic DNA from an Ant5-2-1 culture was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq (250-bp, paired-end), generating 2,389,439 reads. The adapter sequences were checked by FastQC (6) and then low-quality regions were trimmed by Trimmomatic (7) and Cutadapt (8). Optimal assembly parameters were determined through VelvetOptimiser (9), and then Velvet was used with a k-mer length of 167 for de novo assembly (10). The final draft assembly resulted in 179 contigs with 62.5% GC content and a total length of 6,196,351 bp with 290ϫ coverage. The contig sizes were from 502 to 286,011 bp, with a mean length of 34,616 bp and an N 50 of 92,795.
We found various energy metabolism genes: 80 sulfur, 48 phosphorus, 178 carbon, and 56 nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite ammonification, ammonia assimilation, and nitrosative stress) categories. Additionally, we identified 138 cell wall and capsule genes, including 31 genes for the biosynthesis of capsular and extracellu-lar polysaccharides; 2 quorum-sensing genes (qseB and qseC); 228 flagellar motility and chemotaxis genes; 116 antibiotic resistanceconferring genes (fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, beta-lactamase, and the MATE family of multidrug-resistance efflux pumps); and 58 iron acquisition and metabolism genes (hemin transport system). In the environmental stress management category, we found 90 genes related to DNA repair (recA, recX, UvrABC system, uvrD); 8 genes for programmed cell death and toxin-antitoxin systems (bacterial caspases, murein hydrolase regulation, and cell death); and 200 genes for stress management (osmotic stress, oxidative stress, protection from reactive oxygen species, cold shock, detoxification, carbon starvation, and sigmaB stress response regulation). Additionally, we identified genes for tryptophan and PVP biosynthesis pathways. Finally, secondary metabolites were found using antiSMASH (15), giving gene clusters (terpene, bacteriocin, and PVP pigment biosynthesis genes).
Diverse energy metabolism, quorum sensing, antimicrobial resistance, stress-responsive genes, along with exopolysaccharide and pigment biosynthesis pathways in the genome of Ant5-2-1 will allow us to better understand the adaptation mechanisms manifested by this bacterium in extreme Antarctic environments, and its importance in biomedicine and biotechnology.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number LNCE00000000. The version described in this paper is the first version, LNCE01000000.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the UAB Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences for the nextgeneration sequencing; UAB Cheaha HPC and HTC grid for NGS data analyses; Katherine D. V. Hughes and Matthew Pace of UAB CAS IT for computer support; Richard B. Hoover for helping us collect samples; Larissa Brown and Linda Frisse of NCBI for the whole-genome shotgun sequence submission process. We are grateful to J. N. Pritzker of the Tawani Foundation for supporting the Antarctic expedition. Antarctic field logistics support was provided by the Antarctic Indian Maitri Station, the Antarctic Logistics Centre International (ALCI), Cape Town, South Africa, and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia.
The Antarctic expedition was supported by the Tawani Foundation of Chicago, Lorne Trottier of the Trottier Family Foundation, and NASA's Exobiology and Astrobiology Programs. This research was also supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR00165.

FUNDING INFORMATION
The Antarctic expedition was supported by the Tawani Foundation of Chicago, Lorne Trottier of the Trottier Family Foundation, and NASA's Exobiology and Astrobiology Programs. This research was also supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR00165.