ABSTRACT
Here, we present the 3.9-Mb draft genome sequence of Nitrobacter vulgaris strain Ab1, which was isolated from a sewage system in Hamburg, Germany. The analysis of its genome sequence will contribute to our knowledge of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing in nitrifying bacteria.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Aerobic nitrification is generally a two-step process where ammonia is oxidized to nitrite, which is subsequently oxidized to nitrate (1). The second step is carried out by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) (2, 3). NOB include both r-strategists, such as Nitrobacter spp., and K-strategists, such as Nitrospira spp., which coexist in a variety of environments (2–4). Nitrobacter spp. play a role in the response to large nitrogen fluctuations in soils and other systems (5–7). In addition, Nitrobacter spp. were the first NOB shown to produce and respond to acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing (QS) chemical signals (8, 9). Nitrobacter vulgaris strain Ab1 is a well-studied nitrifier, yet it has no available genome sequence (5, 10, 11). To address this need, we sequenced the genome of Nitrobacter vulgaris strain Ab1. Our primary goal was to identify loci corresponding to AHL autoinducer synthase and AHL-binding LuxR transcription factors.
Genomic DNA was isolated using the Wizard genomic DNA purification kit (Promega). A Nextera XT DNA sample preparation kit was used to construct the sequencing library. The instructions were followed, up to those for normalization of libraries. A Qubit double-stranded DNA high-sensitivity assay kit (Life Technologies, Inc.) and Agilent TapeStation 4200 high-sensitivity D5000 DNA ScreenTape (Agilent Technologies) were used to determine the concentration and average sizes of the library fragments. The library was then quantified by quantitative PCR on an ABI 7500 Fast real-time system (Life Technologies, Inc.) using the Kapa library quantification kit (Kapa Biosystems). Sequencing was completed on a MiSeq (Illumina) 250-bp paired-end nano flow cell.
There was a total of 2,436,208 reads, for an average coverage of 156×. Nextera XT adapter sequences were trimmed from the raw reads using the BBDuk software, as recommended in the manual (http://jgi.doe.gov/data-and-tools/bbtools/ ). Reads were error-corrected and assembled into contigs using SPAdes version 3.10.0, with the “--careful” flag and the k-mer setting of “-k 21,33,55,77,99” (12), and screened for contaminating sequences with the blobtools software (version 0.9.19.5) (13, 14). De novo assembly of the MiSeq reads resulted in 95 contigs that totaled 3,900,573 nucleotides in length, with a mean contig size of 41,059 nucleotides; the N50 contig length was 130,999 nucleotides. Genome annotation was completed using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline, resulting in 3,501 coding genes and 56 RNA-coding genes (15). The N. vulgaris genome sequence is 59.8% G+C and has pairwise average nucleotide identities (16) of 83.0% and 81.2% to Nitrobacter winogradskyi and Nitrobacter hamburgensis, respectively (17, 18). These low values suggest that N. vulgaris is too distant from comparators to be considered a member of their species.
The N. vulgaris genome has all the genes necessary for chemolithotrophic growth on nitrite. Interestingly, genes encoding a putative AHL autoinducer synthase and AHL-binding LuxR homolog were present, as well as putative nitric-oxide-forming nirK (aniA) and nnrS genes, possibly suggesting similar QS regulation of NO fluxes to N. winogradskyi (9).
Accession number(s).The genome of N. vulgaris strain AB1 was deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number MWPQ00000000 . The version described in this paper is the first version.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Mark Dasenko and Matthew Peterson of the Oregon State University Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing for assistance with genome sequencing and data processing.
This work was supported in part by USDA-NIFA postdoctoral fellowship award no. 2016-67012-24691 (to B.L.M.), NSF graduate research fellowship grant no. DGE-1314109 (to E.W.D.), and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station (L.A.S.-S.). The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
FOOTNOTES
- Received 10 March 2017.
- Accepted 16 March 2017.
- Published 4 May 2017.
- Copyright © 2017 Mellbye et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license .
