ABSTRACT
Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Actinomyces odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001, isolated from the human oral cavity. Uniquely, it was discovered as a host bacterium to the ultrasmall epibiont TM7x, which is the first cultivated member of “Candidatus Saccharibacteria” (formerly candidate phylum TM7).
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Although Actinomyces odontolyticus is a commensal oral species, it is an opportunistic pathogen that has been linked to many diseases, most notably its association with actinomycosis, the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract (1). Furthermore, oral Actinomyces spp. have been linked to childhood caries, periodontitis, and human oral carcinomas (2–4). A newly reported interaction between an obligate ultrasmall epibiont, TM7x (a recently cultivated member of “Candidatus Saccharibacteria,” formerly candidate phylum TM7), and its basibiont A. odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001 (5) provides a great system to study parasitic epibiont symbiosis in the bacterial kingdom. The genome presented here from the isolated strain derived from human saliva (6, 7) will enable further research into this unique interaction.
A. odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001 was cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium and incubated at 37°C under microaerobic conditions until exponential phase was reached. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Epicentre MasterPure DNA purification kit. The complete genome sequence was determined via Illumina sequencing using paired-end 300-bp reads. All quality-trimmed reads were de novo assembled using SPAdes version 3.61 (8, 9).
The draft genome is 2,336,127 bp and assembled into 5 contigs, with an overall G+C content of 65.9%. Gene annotation using the Prokaryotic Genome Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP) provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) identified a total of 1,998 genes, consisting of 1,936 coding sequences, 49 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs. A set of 49 single-copy genes was extracted and aligned to 100 sequenced genomes using the Department of Energy Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase; http://kbase.us). The resulting likelihood-based tree was built from the 49 concatenated genes and indicated relatedness to the sequenced species A. odontolyticus and Actinomyces sp. ICM39; however, the closest sequenced genome, A. odontolyticus F0309, produced an average nucleotide identity of only 93.7% (10). Using an additional method described for the delineation of species using 40 universal marker genes (11), XH001 was just above the cutoff for the A. odontolyticus species. These results support that this strain conservatively represents a subspecies of A. odontolyticus, and the name “A. odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001” is proposed. The report by Bor et al. (5) presents further physiological characteristics of this strain.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession no. LLVT00000000. The version described in this paper is version LLVT00000000.1.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We declare no conflicts of interest.
FOOTNOTES
- Received 7 December 2015.
- Accepted 9 December 2015.
- Published 4 February 2016.
- Copyright © 2016 McLean et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
